t
THE UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY
TOMOW Am MLTH RESLWH pw"M
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TH6 UNIV M ITY OF KENTUCKY
TOBACCO AND =LTII RESEARCH PROGRAM
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky
P
77
q-
February, 1969
'
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THE UNMRSITY OF KENTUCKY TOBACCO AND HFALT11
RESKARCH pRorRAM
XNTRODUMOH
AA The potential economic importance of tobacco to
the atate of Kentucky
A-r was recoenized by our predecessors at the
University of Kentucky over fifty
years ago. The tobacco research program was begun
in 1920 and hug beea a
ILI" i
M
h
xt. T
t pf
mpry objective vas concerned
very productive and fruittul e
wiLh discase control and the culture of tobacco.
An estimated 300 million
dollars was saved farmers in the twenty years from
1935 to 1955 by findings
of this research program. The need to expand the
program was recognized
by-k9th state and dAtio"I leaders in the early
1950's. This recognition led
r to an appropriation of $50,000 by the
Comhouwealth of kentucky f6f a atudyL
that *as instrumental in the development of the
National Tobacco Laboratory
at ak Va-et of the $6 million Agricultural Science
Center; congtiddtibn of a
0 million addition..to the Center-will begin in
the sptir~g of 1968.
In January, 1964.tbe "SiRokingmand-Health" report
of the advisory.
Couffnittes to the Surgeon CeM_Iral of the Public
Heralth, Oery Ice was published..
-The report expressed, ~#e opinion that the
association of smoking and health wAs
-t.c- tot furth4i; r4a"rch was-
togoized-by Congrods, and bearings i4ere biald to
deterftine the most de$
b,
Mealis of investAg4ting, this,~pmplex prc;'bl
Rocognixing the Iaportan~ce of thAq problem.to~
society as a whole and to"
Ke~ntucky in. particular 6o~ tfniverei'
~y of 1:4atutky. ev4luated -itA capability.for
lu=lude~ now
themical W agricuttural-lacience faeilities an&
tho nutleus of thq
atik(L required f4r s;'multidisciplinary approach
to the proble'o. rRlloving the
ORRR MR 4 1 t tu d Ex., john'W. owwald Preside&
-of
_,VnIvefilty YAntucky,
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2
pl~dged to Congress the total resources of the
University. Following this
pledge, an appropriation of $1.5 million was made
(1964) for smoking and-
health rem~'-!t-h tM ho er'"Aj'PVAA At th.,
Kt-ftt(It+-' I!! teitihatnn,
Kentucky. Later appropriations of $1.5 million for
1965 and $1.5 million for
1966 were made. However, a reduction of.$180,000
was made (December, 1967)
in the-1966 portion of the university contracts
associated with crops-research.
In-addition, the University of Kentucky has
invested over $250,000 for reno-
vation-of laboratories for health related tobacco
reoegireh.
Facilities for tobhcco research now
include-appro3timately 30,000 s4.
ft. of net laboratoryj pace, one-half of which is
used for aspects of health
related f6bdafth knd Ovet 20r,&O sq. ft;,_bf
gr6fthodsd ipaed for tobacco
research. The replacement value of the facilities
used for tobacco research
at - the University of Kentucky am exceeds .$3
million. Future plans iftclude -
facilities for the co"olidation of asstarciated
phadeo of the proV". The
annual bW&et totalS in exceds of $2.62 million for
tobacco research of the
'.University of Kentucky (AWndIx A)
302058486
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DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOBACCO AND HEALTH PROGRAM
Following the initial appropriation in 1964, the
University mobilized
its scientific talent and numerous meetings
within.the UniversiLy were held
to develop a tobacco and health program. The
objective of the program was de-
fined as follows: "to determine the nature and
magnitude of the- relationship
of smoking to health and, should a causal
relationship be established, develop
Wayu Lo lienLity alk-1 aliminaLe Lhe detrimental
compounds". Our approach was
1) to concentrate on compounds considered suspect
by previous iavestigators,
2) to develop methods to control these compounds
(ie. breeding, culture,
tobacco treatments, etc.), for all tobacco types,
3) to develop analytical capability to determine
these and other com-
pounds in-tobacco--leaf and.smoket
4) to discover teat systems to measure the effect
an biologic .al
properties of alterartions in owke com"sition,
W to relaiti! the test gyllrtM Oith m6didal
studies of' the response of
humans to tobacco smoke.
The program as developed represented the best
thinking vithin the Aftiversity
and was considered vell-balanced with,re,spect to
the V-Umt. chemical and
-pro
meftcal xCie=es. 7~e, gram was -presentecf to the
Agriculturfl Research
Service V.-S. Depar"nt of A r1culture for
ne*ot4ation- simM they w9ra to
ppr
approximately -$3DOMO is, eArmav)ted for
AE*_$n-house, -$100,000 fvc AM-'admILnistrJk.%
$i,,100,000 for contracta ith the Uni~rersity of'
Kent'
UC.kyl.
-This 'fund Source is. limitod to res4i rch op
n~xn-h~xmarL_*ubJ!cts.
Thp fesearch,proposall P~rid by4n
P~e iversity bf K4niuck
y SciIMtJAts_ are
%.
IQVUwd md neg?tt&ted witlv.tha- P4ricult; al Re'.
&rCh tervic
UP 8.0 9. 1,;he first
contracto,wer.0' 11~pqd b6catne offictia June 21,
1965--_ Ix I and
Cfor Olt-90in -PM3*tt*
X
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4
PROGRESS
The early stages of a new program of this
magnitude entailed certain
laboratory renovation, procurement of specialized
scientific equipment and re-
cruitment of a few highly trained scientists. The
pKqgji~am 4as been underway
.0 Znd one-helf yeArs and has developed into a
productive interdisciplinary
Fo r t-
research effort. (See Apperidix D for research
publications).
The compaoition of tobacco smoke is a function of
the comppsition of the
tobacco leaf. Whole smoke is composed of the
particulate phase and the gas
phase. Whole smoke contains compounds that were
present in the leaf in addition
to compounds formed by the pyrolysis of the leaf.
The control of compounds
present in the- leaf, in order to control smoke
composition, is the approach that
in wing used by agricultural adienti6tt 6t the
11hilersity Of Kthtdeky.
The present- tobacco and health rebearch effort
Vag enh&hcod by fifty years
of tobacc'o 'rescarch by the Kentucky Agricultural
;kptt-Imeht`StatI*h dciefitiffig.
Research.on-all tobacco-types used.in cigarettes
is included in the University
'of Kentucky program. Geneticists. plant
physiologists and aoils scientists
had,researc4 programs underway'~hat permitted
rapid advancement in the biological.
control of I-eaf constituents algog e~st4blishg.d
lines.
-The plant science stud"it, are concerned with the
use of gettetics,affika
cultural,practices to contrbl the subweances'.0'r
precursorq substatie" ~n tobacco
of
.44cd in cijarettes ai~.being studied to
-establish. the- quantities of s'petific con,
irtitu"t$.Preaent and- the
yariability'Anheren"n each. A survey 9~ over 150
F --odlections from- thi. world-adIl*eiriow.
(robiwee An troduot4ons) =A varieti**.
"in the U. S.'.has been'-tompleted ff4 js~~) The
'substantea presently under
(A
ppen
luves lude~
t1 gation inc 'phenols",ffiterols., nitKosenoun
Compo~%tds I luding'nicotine.:-
nitr4bawinss,and ftco~bial toxins.-
Y., '7~ ~~Ike i c~l' iii -k~,
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the plant science prograin. The level of nicotine
present in the leaf 19
Senetic.lly controlled as are some compounds that
are suspect in the health
related studies. A survey of tobacco introductions
for quantitative differences
4
in phenol6, sterolr- noid cc:-,:-vc;unda hoo beett
completed (Appendix B -
2, 4, 24 and D - 5, 6). A study on the influence
of the environment in
which tobacco grows (fertility, moisture, ete.-)
on the quantitiea of plicuols,
sterols and nitrogenous compounds present in
the-tobacto I-eaf has also boen
completed (Appendix B - 5, 21, 23 and D - 1, t,
10).
An attempt is, being made to relite smokA
composition to leaf composition
and.to control leaf composition by genetic and
cultural means. These studies
will determine.how far plant science can go in the
control of smoke composition.
The limita of biblosical tbatrol must be studied[
and ident-Lfied.
The chemists isolate and identify leaf and smoke
constituents, develop
analytical methods Ior their quantitative
demifoin4tion abd -study - the influtfte
that pyrolysis temperature has on thO co*o ition
of tol6acco- smoke. The smoke
chemists are measuring the variation in susp6ct
dompounds when-the coal-.
temper&ture-(temper&tureof burn) is varied.
A-study inyolvi4 the.:r-hanges
'in levels of suspect compounds.in tobaccq
condensate was recently completed
(Appendix B~j 22 and D - 6, 9).
variatlon_in-coal-ten~erartur& chanp3 -tb,e
n._Tbbacdo smoke is'a very-compliex
mixture and.thaswke cheMLita!'are
gttwoting-~to.de~v6lpp Snalyii ftj4ues
A
.to futther. identify specific cb:Vo?nents
(AppondixB 71, 9, 16 and I.
An inter"tinS:and.e=WraSLU8 part of the Univers
41 sj~ftq~pqky -program
actj~ tXejL -reaparch -1-aboratdry.' This
l&b9rakpr3F
7..
-of fort,-Te~gtes to a14 tobacco and heala
ribacarch' in.a rather" unique way..
ftesent chemi --3411 piermit,the 1"eltng or
kadtotaw
CaA techniqua of.'
-4-
302058489
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compounds present i1A the leaf. These compounds
can then be followed through
M-10
two
pyrolysis (incomplete combustion process) and to
the site of action in animal
IM
,
Cells. Hopefully, this analytical laboratory would
add resolution to the
different studies across the broad tobacco and
health research front (Appefid4v
OM That part of smoke composition which makes up
the tobacco smoke condensate
is receiving major attention in the search for
better bioassay techniques
at the University of Kentucky. - The mouse-back
tt-,.ae is the classical bio&ssay
Lechnique being used to measure the biological
activity of tobacco smoke. In
the test. the mouse back Is shaved and smoke
condensate is applied three
times a week over a period of eighteen months
(Appendix 9 - 11). The mouse-
back test Is the best system available at the
present time. Much time aftd
ff
t 6t th
! V
ivti
it
f K
i
k
d
e
i
n
or
entac
s
t use
y o
in an effort to add precision
y
to the-bioassay system. The medical science
program is directed toward-the
search for sevexAl diffbrotit--systaft from single
cell through organ culture
including intact AnImAld that will interrelate
biological action (Appendix
D - 15, 20 and D - 24, 26, 27). The teatt shdulct
be specific for several
-
nt smoke-compodtnts.
differe The medical studies. inclu& les'earch to i
4 atify
a component of the smoke that coul4 unmask a
latent vims,if o
~ch exists.
The suppositign
that a spectftc smoke i~omponent wouldjmt
_tM-V*JV1.iihrx1;
1 t wbW-d-=ISWAII~ In'tent virud which in'turn
would,upset the call's
regulatory system thus causing Oisaase. WOW&
a"--14 01nd D
20
21
th
22)
A
h
ff
i
i
.
no
er researc
e
ort po
nts toward the metabo
,
,
Lsmof
benzo(a)_pyreneI(a. clarcinagen) In,the animal.
ThV possibility,eidits that
compounds are brokefi-down into- ;CrActtona. or
P10611~~~Jil;ii _Veswt with-
bz i;;"ill ic&
11)i active tMn rM orl4inal
qwp ourA (Appeidix~-
n
.
.
B 13, 0, 18 sjA D 23, 25). '-An electrop
microscopic study 0(st
7
ZiZ7,5.
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7
to identify tissue changes which occur prior to
disease development is in
progress (Appendix B-19). A study Lu determine the
effect of whole smoke
on the bronchiAl OpiPh-11i'm it undcz~way
(AppeadiA B-17). Tile Lechniques to
culture rat-tracheal rings are being developed.
These techniques. if successful,
would permit the identification of compounds that
influence the ciliar
J activity (Appendix B-12).
J
i
rib
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COOPERATIVE REIATIONS
The University of Kentucky Tobacco and Health
Research Program is coopera-
tive with the-U. S. Department of Agriculture,
Agricultural Research Service.
The program desires cooperation with scientists in
all laboratories interested
in the problem. Communications are being
established with research labora-
torict in the U. S., Phg!-400~ FrArfc#s And
Gormsmy. The frda -exchansa of informa-
tion among scientists is fundamental to research
progress.
It is proposed that leaf stocks of cigarette
tobaccos be developed to
meet the needs of research people interested in
samples for bioassay purposes.
Particular attention must be given to known
characteristics so that the re-
sulting research-sample is the best that science
and.technalogy can develop.
At present, leaf stodke of loW-nicotint tobaccos
are being developed to serve
as a source of supply to competent scientists at
the University of Kentucky
and in cooperating 14kqrstories throughout the
world. As our program yields
research datg for the control of other leaf
constLtWnts,- kampleA of leaf
with biologically and/or phys-Loally. contra 1 led
-composition will be- made
available to qualified-,scientists for test
purposes,
~,Predent the ejqep~iflc tdmirunity netds a
reference 'or be
reporting biologicalresponsfi to,tobacep
condensate*'. We sErchgly recomimend
th4t i"Irifeience c1gitetie'd' b6-ftrouiated by
thood-intere-stat that would be
used as. -a cont'rol in.~biologic#l'.experiments
so that"'Iscicatists could'use it
for compikring, the 4&ta. Much. co'n'fusion, AA
repoTtLtka response dati- is,-,dw to
Au Y. -ib
encouraged. The ii6owladge of inikustiy iri
both.'smok4.-chemistry'Aind Ui~
art
phase of ttgarette mahufactur"s nwWed silace It
reiatiei-to and'. P1Ays'a';*JorL
role iii smekb coxpoditjott~ Dpersit ion of sci
~Mons i'11 Are4a *PC* 1.5
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9
PUNS FOR THE FUTURE
The complexity of the ausociation of tO~aCCG to
hedlLh demanded a
MUILidisciplinary approach Lu.Lho
problem. To efvA bblalicc to tj Mll
the decision was made to include from the
beginning the plant, chemical and
medical research areas. While it was recognized
that avaiInble funds would
not permit the development of numerous projects in
all the disciplines,
C"L would be taken to bcild fundamental knowledge
in each area on which a
total program could develop. Thud, theft-are
notable weaknesses in Lhe
program, especially in the--chemical and medical
sciences. The chemical. studies
on leaf and smoke are inadequate, however this
area is be-Lag investigated in
depth by industrial scientists. G66perstida at the
technicai level with the-
industrial scientists is necessary to gain both
time and the available knowledge
in seeking.a, scientific solution to. the
questions beifig ask". CrOwth in tho
medical sciences is recognized as the highest
-pr6SrAtb ptiotity. The tlnl~ersity
still feels- the importance of the- problem to the
anoking public requires thaty4yo
be found to -provide adequate,support for the
needed ibedidal research.. Attempts
are-being made to accomplish this objective. Based
up?n strengths qnd weak-
nesses oi ou- a
presen t. research affOrt gur_program will d valoo
in the.. -ftllew.inp;
-areas
Mofit -indicated an aisociatton,
1) .4pi#eviology. s"t*BticAl studies. two,
etWe!tp tobacco and health but-the dature ihd
saanito4e- of.'this association
'ify
has. not been.estdblished.. *Iifareh~ appra'achas
8"king- to &oblate SO ideat
ewii;
otoer, faCtOrs which~ way be-iotpdrtant, e.&I
pnetics,,swMas behavi 0
ljince~ any change In bioloilical
activity mus't, be evaluated by epidemiological,
atudies, pOrfettion of techniques
thip area is a neceivit -No,.ptudiag at
pregeat..,.
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2) inhalatioit studies. Since natural human
exposure to smoke occurs
through the bronchial tree there 0% need for
increased researcb-or such.
Correlation with other bioassay systems is needed.
No studies at present.
10
3) Special biological tests. Although the
conclusive test must invoLve
whole smoke, &woke is so cciaplcx that specific
bi,?1,)-Lcal testa to resolve
effects of specific components is necessary.
increase needed.
4) Mechaniams of amoke generation. Fundamental
studies am needed for
a more complete understanding of the mechanics of
the smoking process and its
effect upon smoke composition. No studies At
prescnt.
5) Chemical studies on tobacco and tobacco smoke.
Expansion in needed
and it would be desirable to cooperate with
industrial scientists. Inc~rease
needed.
6) Filtration. Selective filtration studies must
begin also in concert
with industrial scientists. No studies at present.
7) Tobacco treatments, Techniques to alter coal
temperatures andlor
smoke compositibn sndbld be expanded.
~emqval of proven
8),,,Pjant~_K~e.nce research.. Studies for.
bio~pgical
jj
harmful or enhancement of beneficial constituents
should be-ex'panded.
of 00
It would also seem esafttial, for pL deftaitak or
the magnitude
-smok$.ng and health problem and for meaningful
scientific re"Arch, that greater
aftetititt `~b6 parid to -tho -sk*Jew ua*d-ta
r*66acck. 4P6C41_9j4aVettes_ ith,
-will requi e kaoopir t ive.
known _-tiharac%teristica in each ofthe tobacco
types r a
iffart )between the University and-industrial
~~fenttstsi workW&LWtth tigireite
Wk
s.,,--h-ievtr 1 46Q*M~~ftot Onlylo tbe univer iiy
-of K"tucky program, bUtL &lsor to other smoking
and heilth peograms.in the'
~7 I
United State# io throughout the vorld'. it iv
envislatked-that the initisi,
DOOM a4tablish 'a sound base for fti~rv'ntudiea
inVolving filtration i"
ap. f t i-*w,
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A"
Present chentical studies of tobacco and smoke are
inadequate and would
profiL greatly from a cooperative technical effort
between University and
industry. scientists who have considerablt!
er.P-L1L- Li thin. 4rr:5.
The present biological testing effort is
significant and much progress
is being made in the development of specializcd
tests tif fut"re importance.
T
However, the present faciliLies are wholly
inadequate for the volume of samples
that must be anticipated when the program becomes
fully effective. It is con-
sidered easenLial to start planning for this
eff-urt.
it would Seem that epidemiological studies must
evaluate any changes made
in the biological activity of smoke. Present
techniques have not fully con-
oLdered interaction Of tffibking vith auch
factors. as genetics, air pollution,
and AAsuf fic tent attention-has been paid to the
smoking behavior of individuals.
Ilerfection of epidemi6lftlesl -tddhniques is
consideted to bd absolutely essential
and work in thi-,area must be expanded.
With these thoughts in minds the University
proposes the followids
po a it iv e. Steps:.
1) the'Univermity will assume. res pcps ~bri lity
for.the estatLlishment of
00,
procedures for the,pj~pductioa Of'a refeVence-
cigarette whiah can be
used in,lany medic*al. risse rch pr~gvam ks.
a--r&feeonce. polut',.
-relations wilLb 9 0
otfier solenti t t
produce' spi~c~lal samples'with known
cherectari4tics which-afe needed
'to answer spicific questions of medical-
iriterest,
ttm University villa xtxiva. J9r c4~operation w
Itb
A) other 6baoco researeh pibgramst.
._,~).cuippany scientists at.the technical laved,
atfi~7r sm'kirts ohd h6alth program$ In the
United Stotea~abd abroad.
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4) define medical problems and develop proposals
which, with the help
of experts. can be submitted to variotiB granting
agencies for their
consideration. Define the future needs for
adequate biological
LebLiUS
5) establish a scientific advisory board which
will provide advice to
the University of Kentucky Tobacco and Health
Research Program.
BATCO document for Province of British Columbia 19
April 1999
302058496


StR4MRY
The University of Kentucky Tobacco and Health
Rescarch Program has been
underway for two and one-half years. It is a
university-wide effort involving
Lhirt7-ti~K Af'40"Vistg in four colleges of the
University of Dntucky. The
program is multidisciplinary and includes major
efforts in the plant, chemical
and medical sciences on the campus at the
Uiiiversity. Cuucdinatium and cam-
munication. among scientists with widely differing
interests is encouraging.
The studies encompass the biological C011LIC.1
A_C0nCt!tttefttR Ity tile leaf, the
cbemital ehAriges in compounds that occur during
pyrolysis and how the whole
smoke composition influences the animal cell.
Significant accomplishments of the tobacco and
health research effort
reported to ddte aft
1) that polyphenols in tobacco leaf can be lowered
by genetic contr OL
2) that the quantity of sterols in tobacco (14.
tabacuth) is quite amalli
J
the_ genetic variability is -leat than- expected,
3) that certain chemical compounds when adde'd to
to'bacco wil7l alter-burn
tedipetature and result in significant changes in
the quantity of
suspected health-reldted &ompounds in the smoke,
.4) that amino acids present in-the.leaf vould
yield polinuclear, -aramatic
hydrocarbons when pyrolysed-~-pozsible g6oetic
cofttrol needs, addUional
inventigqLtion,
the suciessful, culturirtg',-of t-racheal rLn$s of
-rat Clou fd be,
quite usitu
6) that the -inl~ettigaZi soxb g characteristic
ft-0ith,'felatos tde-baaad in
td-t1he pkerselko-df, &-latenX. further -
inve tigation ko-det"ine its significance -to
this"~ 1-ims
7) that over twenty-iAve. scientific -re.oeareh
papers~ have resulted Irpm
the -tofiadco and..health researcli effoiv.
to, the total biol~ogical_ippraack- On one
'toe
410pu _Xecide the d iplineg to
i6n46rtske.s0Akq,pr*grayL." Th*~University
enviroamat-makes posaible the coarmMication. with
&Ad &M.Ps illecientists
yJh ore tm" -in the ti~~acw, ;p h -o'~dte
h"Ith t
302058497
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App,~ztil. A
A
TOBACCO AND IXALTH BUKEET
Annual
i
ti
a
appropr
ona for tobacco research at the University of
Kentucky
total $2.2 million of which $1.5 million is health
related. The U. S.
DeparLmnt of Agriculture administers the $1.5
million appropriation.
Appra-iinatcly $100,000 is charged aG
ra.~,aLuistrative overhead by the U. S.
Department of Agriculture and approximately
$300,000 is for support of tobacco
'
and h
lth
h b
A
i
a
researc
y
RS
v t' I=
o-hmiso -t-titis -4 -atcd at tt.~L Ukkivu,.siLy
Ur
Kentucky. The remainder of about $1,100,000 is
negotiated by ARS with the
University of Kentucky for contract research
through Eastern UtiliZaLion
Division, Crops Research Division and the
Marketing Division as shown below.
Numbers in parentheses Fefer to the number of
contracts and cooperative
agreements.
Annual Support for Tobacco and Health Research
from USDA-ARS Source*
Contracts and Cooperativd Agreements 1965
Plant Science
(4) EVD JgT TOTAL
' 45.T00 34275&
Chemica.1 ScUnce.
(3)
262~031 ..0
0
031-'
262
Medical Science (6). 52,4, 0 ,
524
593
Coop. Agreements (4 91,500 ~53, OW 0 ,
244.500
.
1" 373, 674
Pl '
ant Sgience
_(4)
0
-.280 473 127 -
40
L 330
0 mmical Science, ID -
.521.969
'
Medieil Science 4)
~ -231,1.16 `0
~O 231,116
-7 Coop. A#reeiten~419 4) 911.959 209~i 1 IS 0-
308.077
- 1,40,500.
ontracts And Coft
ratLve. A~
reemen~s ~7"
.'0
(4)
27
71,!W3
89 i 020 366
921
CheMLcal-Scienct-
' (3) Z32,969 1
...G
0 ,
:232,969
Medical
kience
(6).
454.693
.0 454
693
IS 900.',
215,300
0 ,
31 t ~00
1, 365,18 S
%%wed
302058498
BATCO document for Province of British Columbia 19
April 1999


Appendix U
UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY TOBACCO AND HEALTH
Elant Science RESEARCH PERSONNEL AND PROJECTS
I. Bush, L. P., A~st. Prof. of Agronomy
Specialty: rlanL physiology (seed physiology)
Hiatt, A. J., Assoc. Prof. of Agronomy
Specialty: Plant- metabolLs" midt-eal tiuLX-iLion
of plants
Pr?,Jr-ct: luvestigations designed to study the
biosynthetic and
metabolic pathways of secondary amines and other
aiLrogeft compounds
and to observe the translocation and
redistribution in tobacco
plarits of health-related compounds and means of
regulation of
those compounds. $112,829
Z Davis, D. L., Asst. Prof. of Agronomy
Specialty: Physiological genetics
Project: Tobacco and Malth related
resdarch-iftolving genetic
control of sterdis and nitrogenous constituents. $
74,656
3. Keller, C. J., Asst. Prof. of Agronomy
Specialty: Plant physiology and biochemistry
Grunwald, C., Aust. Prof. of Agronomy
Specialty: Steroid metabolism, plant growth
regulators, ion uptake
Project: Tnvestigations designed to study the
metabolic processes
of certain. compounds.. Luc lud-ing nitrogen
bases, sterols,, pbeftolic
compounds. and isoprerlo-ids in tobacco plants.
from green to post-
harvest stages and 6ethods of. regulation
important to sooking
and health reiated -problems., $124,808
41. Sheen,, S~ J. Asst. Prof.- 'of Agronamy
specialty:' ftsioloocal. genetic-6 -
AW ra- -rel i
Project: Cen~tlc stitdies on the igboift-l"
nf-mI3~p ito 9 9t as
to wkir~f Bad -hee4-
segregatiuj gener#tAoiis of tobi~6.
Sins, J. I., As;t~ -POX. a f- Ak"%W~rO'
-Brooteten. i. 3, , Asst. Prof. of Asronomy
esialty: 'Nitrojen trarisformatioh in soils;
mii;iob W
i41, P~vl;e.ss*&
J in. 961-14-Z nitij...%ariiiprk 'ofplants"
rct 'Inve4t1gatif d to determine the ftlatioi3
--of
~ps deoigne
acco
aitrageft mtrition oftob
ev
an:d to 4 glop, infaimaei~rr P~(
~A_ aii4 other urtfavkrabla.
orgapic.,coastituenita'
in. the tobacoa,plant.
-and health rk!1a4*d.rqsearch -on the-effeats.of
Ptojogt: ~,Tobarmo
agroAdmic fadEors atW growth. reju'lators.on
cer.tain hPalth-r.elated
compounds in burley t~bac~*. 69,267
Projei~t: InvostigatIvAN163iined 0-.s.tu4y tht
effdk",~f V&
ortil~zqr, ~aulturAa praq;tic
. ,
302058499
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 19
April 1999


16
6. Yang, C. Y., Asst. Praf. of Plant Pachology
Specialty: Fungai physiulogy, soil microbiology
and electron microscopy
Project: Investigations on the carcinogenic and
other toxic
weLabolites produced by tobacco fungal flora. $
89,020
ProjVCt: Investigations on the effect of foliage
micruflora arui
viruses on compositiun of $ 45,000
Rr,Aject. Livestigations on the rile of microbial
activity in
producing carcinogens in market tobacco. $127,865
Chemical Science
7. Brown, E. V., Prof. and Chairman, Dep-Arrnpnt
of Cliemistry
Spoeizilty: Oa:ganic chemistry - reaction
mechanisms, heterocyclic
chemistry, carcinogenesis
Project: Investigations.-of nitrosamines in
cigarette smoke.
86,323
Project: Investigations of the chemical
composition of the
heterocyclic bases in cigarette smoke. $ 71,465
Project: investigations on the isolation and
identification of
the higher boiling heterocyclic nitrogen.compounds
of ci arette
smoke. $
Green, J. G. , Assoc. Prof. of Agronomy
Specialty: Experimental analytical biochemistry,
instrumentation
development, and sub-celJolaie physiology
-Projvct: Investig4tions on ihe. analysis of
tobacco,,tobacco smoke
and fractions thereof' $311,394
PrOje6e, ravestigation; on the manufacture of
experimental cigatettes
and the preparation of.cigarette smoke conclezlWe.
$123,731
4 Patterson J. M., Prof. of.Chemistry C
Sptcialty: Organic chemis try chqx"try -of. 4a
teracyc c
ca~666~ds, 'i~iiro coq,)oupda, high twoperatuire,
-react ions
an4,phot*cbemlcs1 reactions
Smith~ W. T., Jr., Prof. of Chow stry-...
-Specialty: -'er0ac Zh~Riat_ry
IAZ oyet (P S"44d
h emperature reactf4ns~,
Uibsiisatlons an the -chemical compolition.of,tho
pytolyttic.
PUts ~Pf Amin" ac!4a.-
-Offtet~f t~iial.vkriitionv. an'
:-P-Jact: -Ilaveq 4 a C
a tion, OL apino acid:pyrolysated'.
10. Zaw, Asst. Pr'f. -of Airo'
"0. eno Lea, 'too"
identtff~ tion
401.
t ~Xnvestlg,
krojec 'i ttiqns ock t he deve ~vpmq~nt ~#q
JiWrav6d,.,M#ft6~v
foe d1e ;i
ko- .41,19, 107
--:-i6jectl -IT~Vvstigativas. .00- thi 4ev4pp;aent
of an lmpro,~-ed ,Aavilytlial
*thpd fcvr. dais rm4dvS pp lynac Isar - a"dt.,ic
hy.4racarbow and..h~etergi-.
-eye. Its..
lie cwVaw4q 4nv1gerette Soo 77
1.6,
302058500
BATCO document for Province of British Columbia 19
April `1999


17
Medical Sciences
il. Braunstein, H., Assoc. Prof. of Pathology
Yoneyama, T., Asat. Prof. of Pathology
Specialty: Lung diseasc, haematology
Project: in-uestigatioas on the biological
assaying of various
tobaccos, smoki, condensates, and rclatcd
substances Cux carcinugeuic,
cocarcinogenic, and related activities. - $110,773
$ 96,814
12. DonneLly, G., Instructor of Cell Biology
Specialty: Mitotic phenomena, cell division
phenomena
Permn, k. , Assoc. Prof. of Medicine
Specialty: Pulmonary physiology
Am"im
4 o Project: Investigations on the development of
new techniques for
biological evaluation of physiologically active
substances in
- tobacco leaf and smoke. $ 53,681
Project: Investigations on the effec 't of tobacco
smoke constituents-
on rodent tracheAl. -rings gr9wu in tiosua
culturO. $ -83~ 186
13. -Flesher, J. W., Asst. Prof. of Pharmacology
fipecialty: Biochemistry, pharmacology
Project: Investigations an the distribution-aad
metabblism of.
benzo(a)pyrene. $ 64,166
14. Hunphrey, L. J., Assoc. Prof. of Surgery and
Cell Biology
Specialty: Iftnunology of carcinogenesis
'Project: Cellular mechanisms of aarcinogenesis.,
$ 84.471-.
Proj4ct': Investtgations on the'response of
Viru3~-cell culture
Sys teAs to tobacco smoke con4emate and
fr*tzibnt_- $ 13,2.69
15' Lalonde E. Asst. Prof., of Oral Pathplo
9 y
Specialty:` -Oral p&tho,"gy, -oral abOorptlon,
Protect:
on arni carcirRgenesIt In hd4viLeks-'.
Projer-t! GrAl. abarorption and saliva. $.79,79p'
-6 Pr -f i4i&lc rl~
ROAU,-, Ab d6 of.. 0
Mandelqtam. F. I ks,"O. Prof-of Medicine
-OSpecialty: GAstroenterol9gy, biochemistry,
cancer
Project: , "InVA!Siiset tons on Xbe absorption
of-. 6arcluagaus
s4 ==turiL1li-,xe,4ked noncarcli~pge a fr6m-tfie.
gabtroUkte4t1n&k
tr Qt of rodents. '$6.500,
id
1,,.
.Roecko-li. T., Assoc. Pfof. -of Patho,'argy
Speqalty~,'PathoAogy
ci Il- tur~ovqr.
?Koject- IavetUgax~ons qn respir~~oxy japithelial
-361
is. sydnor, K.,'Ass". ProX. of Medici='
302058501
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 19
April 1999


19. Weiss, D. L. , Prof. of ratixjogy
Specialty: Pathology
Project: Investigations on the determination of
the effects of
combinations of cigarette sutoke and nononcogenic
viruses an the
development of lung tumors in rodentH. $112;.679
Project: InvesLigationg 00 the of new techniques,
for
bioiogical evaluation of physiologically active
substances in
tobacco leaf and smokc7 S117
~ ..739
20 ~ White, D. C., Assoc. Prof. of Biochemistry
Specialty: Electron transport, phospholipid
metabolism
Project- Investigations on the electron transport
system.of
Bacteriodes piplaninopen~,--s. 66,083
Cooperative Aereements
21. Andersen, R. A. , Asst. Prof. (Adjunct) of
Agronomy
Specialty: Biochemical research
Project: Studies of phenolic compounds in tobacco.
22. Benner, J. F,, Asit-~ Prof. of Agroq6my
Surdia, D., MiNt. Prof. CAdjunct) of Agronomy
Burton, H. R., Asst. Prof. of Agronomy
Specialty: Orgatift -analysis, tobacco and tobacco
smoke
Project: Development and-evaluation
. . . L of Cigarette twdifiers which' _0
alter smoke- compositio'n.
23. Cheng, A. L. S. , Asst. Prof. (Adjunct) of
Agronomy.
Specialty- Lipid metabolism&
Project;. Investigatiorti on the'leolation and
identiftcation of the
higher boi.ling heterocyclic ni-trqgen compounds,
of,,cigfi~e~"_ huWm..
Legg,' P.' D., "at 'Prof. (Adjt~nct). of.Agronoiay
Specialty: Quantitative genetice,and biometrics
Project: Spadi s.: on the inlwritaioe of import&A
c&~i~tertstics
in
'tobacco..
0
.7 _
7
~A.
302058502
BATCO document for Province of British Columbia 19
April 1999


19
J Appendix C
OTHER UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY RESEARCH PROJECTS
WHICH RELATE TO THE TOBACCO AND HEALTH RESEARcH
PROGRAm
1. Flesher, J. W. nppt. o" Pharmacology
Carcinogens and-mauw"fy cai,er.
Spunsoring Agency: Anw-rican Cancer Society
2. Humphrey
L. I.
,
Dept. of Surgery 6, Cell Biology
The effect of stress on the immune response of
normal and
tumor-bearing animals.
Sponsorin
enc
A
A
i
mer
y:
g
g
can Cancer Society
3. Fatt,:!i&on, J. M. Dept. of Chemistry
High temperature reactions of substituted
rroles
.
py
Sponsoring Agency! Army Research Office - Durham
4. Penman, R. W. Dept. of Medicine
Chronic lung disease structure analysis.
Sponsoring Agency: National Institute of Health
5. -Effects of cigarette smoking 0im
ifittapulmonary ventilation
perfulrioh relationships.
Sponsoring Agency: American Medical Association
6. Rees, E. D. Dept. Of Medicine
0, Develoronent.of perdictive test of
hormona deperido-ney in
1 .
experimental m1dimary tancer.
S
ponsoring Agency: American Cancer Society
7. ..Karotypes of.-rat$ fran strains of,.differeat
*usceptibility to
maugnary cancer induction
.
Spqnsorii~g Agency;
-American Madt"r Association
_ L
L
8. T&ite, D. C. -,Dept., of Biochemistry
Cytochrome ox~daies_ln bagteria.
5 ~aisoFLug Agency: NatAon-l -Sate"i-sow-dicift
r,
1
7
~
, "i
302058503
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 19
April 1999


20
Appendix D
PUBLICATIONS FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY
TOBACCO AND 11EAIMI RESEARCH PROGRM
Plant Science
1. Atkinson, W.O., Ragland, J.L.; Sims, J.L. and
Bloomfield, D.j.
The influence of irrigation on the responses of
burley tobacco
to nicrogen-fertilization. (Submitted for
publication).
J - - -1
2. dush, L.P.
Succinyl thiokinase of tobacco, Apt-6homy Abs.
(Abstract)
Nov- 5-10:24, 17-57.
3. Grunwald, C.
J AM The effect of sterols on the permeability of
alcohal~treated
i U
red beet t ss e. Plant Physiol, in press, 1968.
4. Reneau, R.E.; Ragland, J.L. and Atkinson, W.O.
!L Effects of ammonium nitrate and the growth of
burley tobAtco
plants on soil p"SuMitted for publIc"Ation).
5. Sheen, S.J.; Calvert, J. and Stokes, C.W. A
A survey of chemical constituents in cultivars of
Nicotiana
Labacum from different geographical areAn.
(Submitted for
.W publication).
6. Sheen, 9.J. and tLokes , G.~_
Polyphenol variation in seven Xy iso lines,.of-
tobacco. - Aptronomy
Abs. (Abstract) Nov. 5-10-1-9. 1961.-
Chemical Science
7. Andersen, R.A. -and Sovers, J.
..OptiTmm condit4ons far.boadA-ag -of-
plant-obdiable to insoluble?
i*iyt6ch,6m. $z -are
polyvinylpyrrolidone.
J.IP,. Buftoh. H.R. and BurdIck.- D.
-CLzirettt '"Oka from-fiieh-qnd -low-attrace burl
Compos,itionof
tobaeLo;' ud
9. BurtaAl II.R.. and Burdick-D.,'
Thermal decoff"~&~tiqn *C(obaczo -I.. Ttiekmo
grayisetric-anaVois.
Tobatco7 SCt.'. X1 Iso- 10~'. 1967.
10. Cheng,'A.
e Cured tobw:co varieties. -Tabacc
in ipress, r
11, Patterson, J.M.; Tzamasfyros, A.- and Smith-,
'14T.' Jr.
J,
Pyrolysts of pyrroles. .(in zaautcrij~r,).
02058504
3
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 19
April 1999


21
12. Zane, A.
Determination of anthracene and pyrene in
cigarette smoke by
gas chromatography. (Submitted ror publication).
13. Zane, A.
DeLermination of phenathrene in cigarette smoke by
gas chromato-
raphy. (in manuscript).
9
Medical Sciences
14. Courant, P.R. and White, D.C.
Formation of an electron transeperr -iyrftam ii.
naCLeriodes
tuclwinogenicus Bact. Proc. (Abstract) 1967:105,
1967.
15, Flesher, J.W.
DistrIbution of radioactivity in the tissues of
rats after oral
b administration of 7,12-dimechylbenz(a)
anthrar-ent-3 H. Biochem.
ii Pharmacol. 16:1821-1831, 1967.
16. Frerman, F.E. and White, D.C.
Membrane lipid changto during formatioa of a
futwtionil electron
transport sy tem ih Staiihylococcus aureus. J.
Racteriol.
94,6:1868-1907, 1967-
17. Humphrey, L.J.
Immunologic -studies on the hemadsorbing factor of
malignant-tow"zi
Surg. Forum 18;94# 1967,
18. -Humphrey, L.J.
Studiqs on passage of- -the howdsorbfng factor of
muriqe. tumors to
normal call cultures. Cancer Re.s. In press,
1563....
-19. Humphrey, -L.J.' onship of heinodsorption
Studies on the reliti ~y normal murin4_splew.
And'murine tumors. -Cancer &a i pre-s,,1968.
_s, n a
Xem~dsorbitxg "factor af. lis~=e tumors. S
Ma 12!4% 16 106
21. Humph e F. ; `Tan"f, 4. _a~a__kite'bsky..E.,
~emadsorption.,by murine twaors'. Fed
&oc_ (Abs act) 26:102, _L967.
22. Humphrey, L. 1. MtlgrQm, F:; Tonder, 0.'.
and.-ffirebsk3~~
He6dr-orption by. r~u~~ne tumors- jn_t.'ArcIf.-
Allergy 30-474 19 6.
23- Rees
_71 ted "do of 'raz'Amall, intoWn
Fed '(A st' Mona bk,ever
Pqc. ratt), in ipress, 1968.
24 t kt~zza, V.; -Sinclair,, P.R., Atte., D.C. and
Courant,, -P.R.
The electIon *trAq#sport system of 4.acterlodem
malaninogo'nit1w.
(~,qbi4tted -for iublication).
302058505
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 19
April 1999


-z- --
A.
.'~- X_
25. Sydnor,
and Flesher. j W. 22
CImParaLi
blo'OP""l P,Itcncy of met"bOlites Of--DMBA.
(Sub-nitted C., Pu~licatlon).
26, Mlitc, D.C.
Changes in plicisphol
CICCtron transport ay-em.
and tile mW'fjc':_." ul
the
27.
jr__0c- (AbSLract) 26:3378, 1967.
Whit-, D.C. and ler,:,an
Fatty acid c___!. F.E.
_...'_-Eion of the comPles lipids Of
starhylococcus
-au_reus during the formation of the
Inembrane-bound electron
trAnitPOrL "Y""n" (Submitted for publication).
~7.
ji
T
7 _ "-41
302058506
13 ATCO document for Province of British Columbia
19 April 1999


I
Appvndix E
TOBACCO AND HEALTH RLSEARCH PROGRAM
Program Dircczor - G. W_ Stoker,
Plant Scienct.
Atkinson, W- G. (Agrop)
Bloomfield, B- J. (Agron)
jirrh, 7.. F. (Agron)
Davis, D. L. (Agron)
Grunwald, Claus (Agron)
Hiatt, A. J. (Agron)
Legg, Paul* (Agron)
Sheen, S. J_ (Agron)
Malcolm (11. P.)
M,0ic,%1,ScJenr--
23
Anderson, R. A.* (Agron) Braunstein, H. (Path)
Benner, J. F. (Agron) Donnelly, Grace (C. Bio!)
Brown, E. V. (Chem)
Burdick, Donald* (Agron)
burtOILW H. R. (Agroft)
Chong, Amber* (Agroti)
Green, J... G. (Agron)
Patterson,' X. (CtUft)
Flesher, J. W. (Pharm)
Humphrey, LuLeu
Lalonde, E. R. (Oral P.)
Mandelstam, Paul (Med)
Penman,.Robert (Med)
Rae&,, Ei D. (Med)
Siegel,
Smith, W. T. (C4gm)
Roeckel, Irene (Path)
Sims, J. L. (Agron) Zane, Alexis _(4grARj Sy4nor,
Katherine (Red)
Van Meter, Carol (Agron) _. Weiss,_D. L. (Path)
Williams , J. C. (Agroa),
' Vhite~ David (Biothem)
. 'P.)
yongi C. Y, (P Ya"yUma, Tetsuo (Path)
C,
aeco.an& Health: Tobacco and Itealth
TobiKcco and Real-th
,
Folley Compittee Tedmital -C~i t tee- Ri~aseay
~Ouncil
C
Albright. L. D. M~ec. V. P. a r
F~ Ae
" txVi P. -Roo i
Coc r&, Gtie~n -(Agron)
~ saidiek, Wttalo (Agtait)
' ,
Nagel, P#Ul' C. (Dean-AW ~Pot'tersani, J, M..
(Chent) Gi*eu~ J. 0. (A'gr;4'' 7.
~eayr Rig 11and. J.
L., _ (Agron)' Soilth,- W.
,
Folp, 0, L. (Path -y*Uz` z- -Y.: (r. P.)
Yang;., -c. Y
(P. P.),
302058507
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 19
April 1999